The M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) Annual Report 2025–2026 presents an overview of the Foundation’s programmes, research initiatives, activities, achievements, and institutional developments during the year. The report highlights MSSRF’s contributions to sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security, biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, coastal and marine ecosystems, rural livelihoods, gender equity, and community development. It also documents major projects, research outputs, publications, collaborations, outreach activities, and key institutional milestones during 2025–2026. The report provides an account of MSSRF’s continued efforts to promote science and technology for sustainable and equitable development, particularly among rural and vulnerable communities.