In situ on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources is a very important component of conservation. Unfortunately, it is not yet recognized as an activity of supreme public interest. Tribal and rural families are thus conserving genetic variability for public good at their personal cost. It is this inequity inherent in the current recognition and reward systems that the concept of Farmers’ Rights seeks to end. While the concept of Farmers’ Rights is widely discussed, its practical operation remains the biggest challenge.