This volume is the final report of the project, “Biodiversity Conservation, Integrated Natural Resources Management and Poverty Reduction” supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by the M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation in three field sites – Jeypore (Orissa), Kolli Hills (Tamil Nadu) and Wayanad (Kerala) during 2001 and 2006. The project was a continuation of an earlier project funded by the same agency from 1998 with the overall goal of promoting biodiversity conservation and genetic enhancement as an effective instrument of natural resource management and poverty reduction. The report is divided into 4 Chapters, which summarises the activities carried out in each field site and the coordination unit based in Chennai.